plotnine 0.13.6

In [1]:


from plotnine import (
    ggplot,
    aes,
    geom_point,
    facet_grid,
    labs,
    guide_legend,
    guides,
    theme,
    element_text,
    element_line,
    element_rect,
    theme_set,
    theme_void,
)
from plotnine.data import mtcars

# We use theme_void as the base theme so that the modifications
# we make in the code are transparent in the output
theme_set(theme_void())

In [2]:

mtcars.head()

	name	mpg	cyl	disp	hp	drat	wt	qsec	vs	am	gear	carb
0	Mazda RX4	21.0	6	160.0	110	3.90	2.620	16.46	0	1	4	4
1	Mazda RX4 Wag	21.0	6	160.0	110	3.90	2.875	17.02	0	1	4	4
2	Datsun 710	22.8	4	108.0	93	3.85	2.320	18.61	1	1	4	1
3	Hornet 4 Drive	21.4	6	258.0	110	3.08	3.215	19.44	1	0	3	1
4	Hornet Sportabout	18.7	8	360.0	175	3.15	3.440	17.02	0	0	3	2

The base plots we will use for the demonstation and some colors.

In [3]:

p1 = (
    ggplot(mtcars, aes("wt", "mpg", color="factor(cyl)"))
    + geom_point()
    + labs(title="mpg vs wt")
)

p2 = p1 + facet_grid("gear", "am")

black = "#222222"
gray = "#666666"
red = "#FF3333"
green = "#66CC00"
blue = "#3333FF"
purple = "#9933FF"
orange = "#FF8000"
yellow = "#FFFF33"

What the plots look like unmodified (unthemed).

In [4]:

p1

In [5]:

p2

There are 3 main top level theming elements:

text - controls all the text elements in the figure.
rect - controls all the rectangles in the figure.
line - controls all the lines in the figure.

Note that none of the themeables control/modify the plotted data. e.g You cannot use text to change the appearance of objects plotted with geom_text.

text

In [6]:

p1 + theme(text=element_text(color=purple))

rect

In [7]:

p1 + theme(rect=element_rect(color=black, size=3, fill="#EEBB0050"))

line

In [8]:

p1 + theme(line=element_line(color=black))

Theming specific items

axis_line and axis_text

In [9]:

p1 + theme(
    axis_line=element_line(size=2),
    axis_line_x=element_line(color=red),
    axis_line_y=element_line(color=blue),
    axis_text=element_text(margin={"t": 5, "r": 5}),
    axis_text_x=element_text(color=black),
    axis_text_y=element_text(color=purple),
)

In [10]:

p1 + theme(
    axis_line=element_line(size=0.7, color=gray),
    # We are focusing on the ticks, make them long
    axis_ticks_length=20,
    axis_ticks_length_minor=10,
    axis_ticks_length_major=20,
    axis_ticks=element_line(size=2),
    axis_ticks_major=element_line(color=purple),
    axis_ticks_major_x=element_line(size=4),  # override size=2
    axis_ticks_major_y=element_line(color=yellow),  # override color=purple
    axis_ticks_minor=element_line(color=red),
    axis_ticks_minor_x=element_line(),  # do not override anything
    axis_ticks_minor_y=element_line(color=gray),  # override color=red
)

axis_title and axis_ticks_pad

In [11]:

p1 + theme(
    axis_line=element_line(size=0.7, color=gray),
    axis_ticks=element_line(),
    axis_title=element_text(),
    axis_title_x=element_text(color=blue),
    axis_title_y=element_text(color=red),
    # The gap between the title and the ticks
    axis_ticks_pad=20,
    axis_ticks_pad_major=20,
    axis_ticks_pad_minor=20,
)

axis_ticks_direction

In [12]:

p1 + theme(
    axis_line=element_line(size=0.7, color=gray),
    axis_ticks=element_line(),
    axis_ticks_direction="in",
    axis_ticks_direction_x="in",
    axis_ticks_direction_y="out",
)

Legend_box

Not all themeables that affect the legend box are demonstrated

In [13]:

(
    p1
    + aes(fill="drat")
    + theme(
        legend_position="left",
        legend_direction="horizontal",  # affected by the ncol=2
        legend_box_margin=5,
        legend_background=element_rect(color=purple, size=2, fill="white"),
        legend_box="vertical",
        legend_key=element_rect(fill=gray, alpha=0.3),
        legend_title=element_text(color=orange, va="top"),
        legend_text=element_text(weight="bold"),
        legend_key_spacing=10,  # overridden
        legend_key_spacing_x=15,
        legend_key_spacing_y=5,
    )
    # so we can see legend_entry_spacing in action
    + guides(color=guide_legend(ncol=2))
)

plot_background, panel_background and panel_border

In [14]:

p2 + theme(
    plot_background=element_rect(fill="gray", alpha=0.3),
    panel_background=element_rect(fill=purple, alpha=0.2),
    panel_border=element_rect(color=red, size=1),
    panel_spacing=0.025,
)

panel_grid

In [15]:

p1 + theme(
    panel_grid=element_line(color=purple),
    panel_grid_major=element_line(size=1.4, alpha=1),
    panel_grid_major_x=element_line(linetype="dashed"),
    panel_grid_major_y=element_line(linetype="dashdot"),
    panel_grid_minor=element_line(alpha=0.25),
    panel_grid_minor_x=element_line(color=red),
    panel_grid_minor_y=element_line(color=green),
    panel_ontop=False,  # puts the points behind the grid
)

strip_background, strip_align and strip_text

In [16]:

p2 + theme(
    panel_spacing=0.025,
    panel_background=element_rect(fill=gray, alpha=0.2),
    strip_background=element_rect(color=purple, fill=orange, size=1.4, alpha=0.95),
    strip_background_x=element_rect(x=1 / 6, width=2 / 3),  # you can get really crazy
    strip_background_y=element_rect(),
    strip_align=0,
    strip_align_x=0.2,
    strip_align_y=0.2,
    strip_text=element_text(weight="bold"),
    strip_text_x=element_text(color=red),
    strip_text_y=element_text(color=blue),
)

aspect_ratio and figure_size

The aspect_ratio takes precedence over the figure_size, and it modifies the height. The effective width and height are:

width = figure_size[0]
height = figure_size[0] * aspect_ratio

In [17]:

p1 + theme(
    panel_background=element_rect(fill=gray, alpha=0.2),
    figure_size=(8, 6),  # inches
    aspect_ratio=1 / 3,  # height:width
)